Isolation and identification of bacteria from soil pdf

Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Abebe Tesfaye. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A crosssectional study was conducted between September and August in the district of Afar Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia, to characterize the most prevalent bacterial pathogens and identify the associated risk factors of camel subclinical mastitis.

Totally, quarters of udder were examined; of these, 10 of them were blind while the rest were nonblind teats. The quarter level prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 8. Additionally, among the bacteriologically tested 34 CMT positive milk samples, all of them showed growth on nutrient and blood agar plate. Therefore, appropriate control measures and awareness creation to the community should be practiced. However, few available literatures The dromedary camel Camelus dromedaries is a multipur- indicate that the major bacterial pathogens isolated from pose animal kept for milk, meat production, and transporta- subclinical mastitis were Staphylococcus, E.

Research camels and will often take a natural course to chronicity agendas, promotion programs, regular vaccination, and ani- resulting in permanent loss of milk production.

Hence, little is known about their health problems heat treated milk and raw-milk products as the major factors compared to other livestock [2]. However, in Afar dairy animals with heavy economic losses [3, 4]. As for other dairy ani- scarcity of information on camel mastitis. Additionally, the 2. Biochemical Tests.

Individual colonies were picked, and milk is maintained at high ambient temperature after milking their cell morphology and growth on MacConkey agar were and during transportation. Thus, organized problem- observed. Additionally, Gram stain, catalase, oxidase, oxida- oriented research is needed to monitor udder health of tion fermentation OF , and motility tests were conducted camels. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to identify the genera of bacterial species [17, 18].

Moreover, haemolysis on blood agar plate, its pigment production, and growth on 2. Materials and Methods Manitol, Maltose, and Trehalose broth media were observed to identify Staphylococcus species [17, 19].

Indol, Metyl-Red 2. Study Area and Study Design. The area tion of Enterobacteriaceae and Pasturella spp. Pastoralism and agro pastoralism are the two which are positive for every test.

Statistical Analysis. The data was fed into MS-Excel camels [13]. The are in various parities and lactation stages l-7 association of subclinical mastitis with parity, stage of lacta- months.

Sample Size. The sample size was determined as quarter milk sample from 96 camels after calculation by 3. Milk Sample Collection. During sampling, observation she-camel and 8.

This result at she- was conducted for the presence of lesion and tick. The samples camel level is lower than that reported by Regassa et al. First, sterile tube was labeled, and the Then, the end of respectively.

Another possible reason could be in from each teat were removed. Moreover, the unhygienic milking procedure and generally poor man- 2. California mastitis test agement practice might also have contributed to the higher was performed before taking milk samples for bacteriology.

The var- 2. Bacteriological Culturing and Subculturing. Then, the plate was read for primary isolation of mas- terial infection [23], which is because of tick bites on the titis pathogens.

However, the pres- in the present study area. The cause Thus, the chance of microorganisms penetrating in to the of increasing subclinical mastitis with parity could be linked udder through this wound is not much high.

Moreover, an equal proportion of animals from each It is high in early Hence, this might decrease the degree of con- ence in the prevalence rate of camel subclinical mastitis in tamination of the udder. However, according to Suheir et al. This Out of quarters exam- 0. Of these milk samples, 34 8. The prevalence of Staphylococci spp. In several investigations on milk of Staphylococcus hyicus 3 6. Among them, S.

In this study, 8. Additionally, S. However, both S. Such Total 46 high prevalence of CPS in the present study in addition to traditional taboo on heat treatment of camel milk and main- taining milk at high ambient temperature after milking and [27] who reported that 4. The during transportation in the study area can pose a serious higher prevalence of Bacillus spp.

Out of the total isolates, CNS was also isolated from most of the also isolated in variable numbers. However, it is lower than Men- 2. Though it is reported that hygienic conditions and to a minor degree of faecal contam- these Staphylococci spp. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor. Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration evapotranspiration, condensation, preci pitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea. Water plays an important role in the world economy.

Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world. Much of long-distance trade of commodities such as oil and natural gas and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and canals.

Large quantities of water, ice, and steam are used for cooling and heating, in industry and homes. Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances; as such it is widely used in industrial processes, and in cooking and washing. Soil: Soil has been defined as that region on the earth crust where geology and biology meet.

Soil is a mixture of organic matter ,minerals,gases and organism that support life, It is a modifier of earth atmosphere. It is a habitat for all organism that modify the soil. Water is necessary for soil structure. In gm of soil contain ,,00 dilution contain ,00 Actinomycetes contain ,00 Fungi contain , Algae contain 50, Protozoa contain 30, In direct count we under microscope culturable and unculturable bacteria.

Does not benefit for us. Principle of Water and Soil. Water: Water contain five principles: 01 Affirm water as a common. It belong to every one and to no one exclusively and must be passed on to future generations in sufficient volume and quality 02 Ensure that the earth and all of it is ecosystems enjoy right to water for their survival.

And indeed those ecosystems make human life possible. Soil: Soil contain following principles: 1 The ability to support root plants in a natural environments 2 Upper limit air or shallow water. Aims and Objects of isolation of bacteria from water and soil. Object and aims: Basically we perform these practicals to fined the amount of bacteria present in water and soil. And to know these bacteria are harmful or beneficial for us.

And gain knowledge about silent features of bacteria. How to perform practical: Water: 01 Take 1ml of water sample and transfer it in to first tube. U formula. Soil: 01 Take 1gm of soil sample and transfer it in to first tube. Soil sample Collection: Soil taken from garden. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these groups has characteristics that define them and their functions in soil.

Up to 10 billion bacterial cells inhabit each gram of soil in and around plant roots, a region known as the rhizosphere. Morphological tests of bacteria: Simple staining: Requirement: Wire loop,Bunsen burner,methylene blue,glass slide,microscope,24 hours old fresh culture. Gram staining: Requirements : Crystal violet, gram iodine,alcohol,wire lop, glass slide, Bunsen burner,sufranin,microscope.